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  1. Prime Ministers and Government Spending: Updated 2021 Edition

    Per-person federal program spending (adjusted for inflation) reached $17,121 in 2020-21, by far the highest level in Canada’s history. Non-COVID-related per-person spending in 2020-21 was $11,165. Moreover, federal spending is estimated to reach ...

  2. Prime Ministers and Government Spending: Updated 2020 Edition

    This essay updates the previous 2020 measure of per-person program spending by prime ministers, adjusting for inflation, since 1870. This essay focuses on the potential level of spending in 2020 based on the government’s response to the COVID ...

  3. Prime Ministers and Government Spending: 2020 Edition

    This bulletin measures the level of per-person program spending undertaken annually by prime ministers, adjusting for inflation, since 1870. (The years from 1867 to 1869 were excluded due to a lack of inflation data). Per-person spending spiked ...

  4. There’s a lot we can’t control—but we can control spending

    Appeared in the Winnipeg Free Press, August 26, 2019 The mid-1960s to 1995 was a terrible period for federal government finances in Canada. The government borrowed every year but one, interest costs consumed ever-greater shares of revenues, the country’s ...